Ubuntu in Odu Ifá Philosophy: Exploring the Spirit of Humanity
Ubuntu is a profound African philosophy that has captivated thinkers and spiritual seekers worldwide. Rooted in the phrase „Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu“ („A person is a person through other persons“), Ubuntu emphasizes interconnectedness, community, and the essence of humanity. While often associated with Southern African traditions, the spirit of Ubuntu resonates deeply within Yoruba Ifá-Orishá philosophy. In this blog, we delve into the symbiotic relationship between Ubuntu and Odu Ifá, drawing on myths of the Orishás, quotes from the sacred verses, and a scientific approach to interconnectedness and collective identity.
Ubuntu and Yoruba Cosmology: A Shared Philosophy of Interdependence
The Yoruba worldview, like Ubuntu, centers on the idea that individuals exist within a larger network of relationships—with other humans, the natural world, and the divine. The essence of ‘Iwa Pẹlẹ’ (character) and ‘Iwa rere’ (good character) in Yoruba teachings aligns with Ubuntu’s call for compassion, reciprocity, and mutual respect.
In the Odu Ifá, the foundational scripture of Ifá divination, verses repeatedly stress the importance of community and collective well-being. The Odu Otura Meji states:
„A ká gbé ara eni sálán, ká fára eni kọ ara eni nìkan; Èjìrèré lá jó kọ láyẹ o.“
(„It is not good to think only of oneself, nor to prioritize one’s welfare alone. Let us gather together for the good of all.“)
This verse encapsulates the ethos of Ubuntu within Ifá: that no one thrives in isolation and that collective harmony elevates individual existence.
Orishá Myths and the Practice of Ubuntu
The myths of the Orishás provide vibrant illustrations of Ubuntu in action, revealing how their interactions and decisions reflect interdependence and the value of community.
Obatalá and the Creation of Humanity
The myth of Obatalá, the Orisha of purity and wisdom, exemplifies Ubuntu’s principles. According to Yoruba cosmology, Olódùmarè (the Supreme Being) entrusted Obatalá with the sacred task of molding humanity from clay. When Obatalá succumbed to fatigue and intoxication, some of his creations were imperfect, resulting in people with disabilities. Yet, rather than rejecting them, Obatalá embraced these individuals as integral members of the community, urging humanity to value diversity and care for one another.
This myth teaches that Ubuntu is about accepting human imperfection and extending empathy and dignity to all, regardless of physical or social status.
Eshú: The Mediator and Connector
Eshú, the trickster and custodian of the crossroads, embodies the interconnectedness at the heart of Ubuntu. Known for his role as the divine messenger, Eshú ensures that communication flows between humans and the Orishás. His actions remind us that life’s challenges and solutions are rarely isolated but are deeply intertwined with others.
In the Odu Ogbe Yọ̀nú:
„Bí a kọ láyẹ, a kú ni mọra wa; Èshú ni ní títa gbogbo ohun láyẹ.“
(„If we greet one another, we show our humanity. It is Eshú who facilitates all interactions.“)
Eshú’s role reminds us that Ubuntu thrives when we prioritize connection and mutual respect, transcending individual needs for the greater good.
Oshún and the Sweet Waters of Cooperation
Oshún, the Orisha of love, beauty, and rivers, represents the nurturing power of unity. In one famous myth, the male Orishás attempted to create the world but failed because they excluded Oshún. Realizing their error, they sought her assistance, and her contributions brought balance and harmony to the universe.
This story underscores that Ubuntu requires recognizing and valuing the contributions of all members of the community. Excluding anyone weakens the collective effort, while inclusion enriches and empowers.
Scientific Parallels: The Biology of Ubuntu
Modern science supports the principles of interconnectedness central to Ubuntu and Ifá philosophy. Research in neuroscience and social psychology reveals that humans are wired for empathy and cooperation. The hormone oxytocin, often called the „bonding hormone,“ promotes trust and social bonding, while studies in evolutionary biology suggest that cooperation has been a key factor in human survival.
Furthermore, ecosystems—a central metaphor in Ifá—demonstrate the profound interdependence of living organisms. Just as Ubuntu and Ifá teach that each person plays a vital role in the community, ecological systems thrive on the contributions of every species, however small.
Ubuntu in Practice: Lessons from Odu Ifá
Ifá teachings provide practical guidance for embodying Ubuntu in daily life. Below are some key lessons:
1. Prioritize Collective Welfare
In the Odu Irosun Meji, it is written:
„A je kọ oòkan di mimú; gbogbo wa laá ómó.
(„Let no one drink alone; we all share the blessings together.“)
This verse encourages sharing resources and blessings, reminding us that true prosperity lies in lifting others.
2. Practice Humility and Gratitude
The Odu Eji Ogbe teaches:
„Ti a ba já, tán niẹ, á dára kọ kú.”
(„When we fight and reconcile, it strengthens the bond among us.“)
Humility and gratitude are essential for Ubuntu. Conflicts are natural, but resolving them with sincerity fosters stronger connections.
3. Embrace Diversity
The Yoruba proverb
„Eni ori yo ko sé Ori máa ri“
(„Let those who succeed not despise the efforts of others“)
reminds us that every individual contributes uniquely to the collective journey.
Ubuntu in the Diaspora: A Bridge Across Cultures
The philosophy of Ubuntu has found resonance in Afro-diasporic traditions, including Santería, Candomblé, and Vodun. These practices, like Ifá, emphasize community rituals, shared responsibilities, and collective upliftment.
In Candomblé, for instance, the „toque“ or communal drumming ceremonies embody the spirit of Ubuntu by fostering unity among participants. Similarly, Santería practitioners emphasize „la familia de santo“ (the spiritual family), reflecting the interconnectedness central to Ubuntu.
Rituals to Cultivate Ubuntu
Ifá offers rituals that align with Ubuntu’s principles, emphasizing connection, gratitude, and harmony. Here’s a simple DIY ritual to foster community and interdependence:
The Bowl of Unity Ritual
Materials:
- A large communal bowl
- Fresh water (symbolizing Oshún’s nurturing essence)
- Coins or small stones (representing collective contributions)
- A white candle (symbolizing Obatalá’s purity)
Steps:
- Gather your family, friends, or spiritual community in a circle.
- Place the bowl in the center and fill it with water.
- Each participant adds a coin or stone to the bowl, expressing a wish or prayer for collective harmony.
- Light the candle and offer a prayer, invoking Obatalá, Oshún, and Eshú to bless the unity of the group.
- Share a moment of silence, reflecting on the interconnectedness of everyone present.
This ritual reinforces the bonds of community and reminds participants of their shared humanity.
Conclusion: Ubuntu and Ifá’s Enduring Wisdom
Ubuntu and Ifá philosophy converge on a timeless truth: we are all interconnected. Through the myths of the Orishás, verses of the Odu Ifá, and the practices of the Yoruba tradition, we find profound guidance for building compassionate, harmonious communities. In a world that often prioritizes individualism, embracing the spirit of Ubuntu can bring healing, balance, and collective growth.
As you walk your spiritual path, remember the wisdom of Ifá and Ubuntu:
„Iwa rere lá fi náyẹ.“
(„Good character is the light of the world.“)